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Historical Theology · Patristic Database
The Christian
Belief Map
What the first five centuries believed — and who still believes it today.
How to read the tradition strip
Identical
Convergent
Partial
Divergent
Opposed
Unknown
Ante-Nicene · AD 100–200
7 records
EUCHARIST
c. AD 155
Justin Martyr
The Eucharist fulfils Malachi's prophecy of a pure offering acceptable to God
EUCHARIST
c. AD 155
Justin Martyr
The Eucharist consists of bread and a cup of water and wine, over which the president gives thanks
EUCHARIST
c. AD 155
Justin Martyr
The eucharistic thanksgiving is addressed to the Father through Christ and the people respond Amen
EUCHARIST
c. AD 155
Justin Martyr
Deacons carry the Eucharist to those absent from the assembly
EUCHARIST
c. AD 155
Justin Martyr
The congregation's response of Amen to the eucharistic prayer is an act of participation and ratification
EUCHARIST
c. AD 180
Irenaeus of Lyon
Irenaeus teaches that the Eucharist is a firstfruit offered to God from his own creation
EUCHARIST
c. AD 180
Irenaeus of Lyon
The Eucharist contains the body and blood of Christ, which refutes those who deny the resurrection of the flesh
Ante-Nicene · AD 200–300
5 records
EUCHARIST
c. AD 200
Tertullian
Fasting before receiving the Eucharist is an ancient Christian practice
EUCHARIST
c. AD 252
Cyprian of Carthage
Receiving the Eucharist unworthily is a sin against the body and blood of the Lord
EUCHARIST
c. AD 252
Cyprian of Carthage
The Eucharist is the daily bread for which Christians pray in the Lord's Prayer
EUCHARIST
c. AD 253
Cyprian of Carthage
Cyprian teaches that the cup must be mixed with water and wine at the Eucharist
EUCHARIST
c. AD 253
Cyprian of Carthage
The Eucharist must follow Christ's own institution exactly — he used bread and wine mixed with water
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