ECCLESIOLOGY
c. AD 400
Augustine of Hippo
Christ and the Church are as one person — head and body together
ECCLESIOLOGY
c. AD 405
Augustine of Hippo
Schism from the Catholic Church is a grave sin even if the schismatic group holds correct doctrine
ECCLESIOLOGY
c. AD 415
Augustine of Hippo
Grace is necessary for every act of salvation and cannot be merited
ECCLESIOLOGY
c. AD 415
Augustine of Hippo
The grace that assists the Christian in daily life is distinct from and greater than mere moral instruction
ECCLESIOLOGY
c. AD 415
Augustine of Hippo
Pelagianism is not only wrong about grace but destroys the necessity of the Incarnation and cross
ECCLESIOLOGY
AD 418
Council of Carthage
Pelagius was wrong — humans cannot achieve salvation by their own free will without grace
ECCLESIOLOGY
c. AD 426
Augustine of Hippo
Augustine teaches that God predestines some to salvation by grace alone, not by foreknown merits
ECCLESIOLOGY
AD 451
Council of Chalcedon
Christ has two complete natures, divine and human, united in one person without confusion
ECCLESIOLOGY
c. AD 500
Athanasian Creed
The Athanasian Creed anathematises those who confuse the persons or divide the substance of the Trinity
ECCLESIOLOGY
AD 529
Council of Orange
The Council of Orange (529) condemned Semi-Pelagianism — grace must precede every good act of the will
ECCLESIOLOGY
AD 589
⚔ HOSTILE WITNESS
Council of Toledo III
The Council of Toledo (589) adds the Filioque to the Nicene Creed in the West
ECCLESIOLOGY
AD 649
Pope Martin I
The Lateran Synod under Martin I (649) condemned Monothelitism and affirmed two wills in Christ
ECCLESIOLOGY
AD 681
Council of Constantinople III
The Council of Chalcedon affirmed that Christ has two wills — one divine and one human — acting in concert
ECCLESIOLOGY
AD 681
Council of Constantinople III
The divine and human wills in Christ are distinct but always in harmony
ECCLESIOLOGY
c. AD 730
John of Damascus
John of Damascus systematises the theology of icons against the iconoclasts
ECCLESIOLOGY
AD 787
Council of Nicaea II
Icons and sacred images are legitimate aids to Christian worship