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Verified Claim ·

Are papal claims to universal jurisdiction and infallibility medieval inventions with no basis in the early Church?

Historically Refuted
Section I

Understanding the Claim

The argument in one sentence: Every element of what Vatican I defined in 1870 can be found in embryonic or explicit form in sources from before AD 500. The development is of articulation, not of substance.
Section VI

The Fideograph Verdict

Verdict: Historically Refuted. Every element of what Vatican I defined in 1870 can be found in embryonic or explicit form in sources from before AD 500. The development is of articulation, not of substance.
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