A Catholic apologetics & formation system.
1869
Anno Domini

Ecumenical Council

First Vatican Council

December 1869 – October 1870 Rome (Vatican) Convoked by: Pope Pius IX 700 bishops
Ecumenical Council — Universally Recognised
Section I

The Crisis that summoned First Vatican Council

The apologetic argument: Defined papal infallibility: when the pope speaks ex cathedra on faith and morals for the whole Church, he is preserved from error. Also defined papal jurisdictional primacy. The Honorius I case is addressed implicitly — his letters were private, not ex cathedra definitions.
The Ecumenical Councils

The Seven Ecumenical Councils

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